It's already really well explained there, so I'll just copy paste the explanation (with due credit):
Sorting a tab delimited file using the Unix sort command is easy once you which parameters to use. An advanced file sort can get difficult if it has multiple columns, uses tab characters as the column separator, you want to reverse the sort order on some columns, and where you want the columns sorted in non-sequential order.
Assume that we have the following file where each column is separated by a [TAB] character:
Group-ID Category-ID Text Frequency
----------------------------------------------
200 1000 oranges 10
200 900 bananas 5
200 1000 pears 8
200 1000 lemons 10
200 900 figs 4
190 700 grapes 17
I’d like to have this file sorted by these columns and in this specific order (note that column 4 is sorted before column 3 and that column 4 is sorted in reverse order):
- Group ID (integer)
- Category ID (integer)
- Frequency “sorted in reverse order” (integer)
- Text (alpha-numeric)
This should sort the file into this format:
Group-ID Category-ID Text Frequency
----------------------------------------------
190 700 grapes 17
200 900 bananas 5
200 900 figs 4
200 1000 lemons 10
200 1000 oranges 10
200 1000 pears 8
The quick answer is that these sort arguments would solve the problem:
sort -t $'\t' -k 1n,1 -k 2n,2 -k4rn,4 -k3,3 <my-file>
A description of what it all means please read on. The first thing we need to do is to tell sort to use TAB as a column separator (column separated or delimited) which we can do using:
sort -t $'\t' <my-file>
If our input file was comma separated we could have used:
sort -t "," <my-file>
The next step is define that we want the file sorted by columns 1, 2, 4 and 3 and in this particular order. The key argument “-k” allows us to do this. The tricky part is that you have to define the column index twice to limit the sort to any given column, e.g. like this “-k 1,1″. If you only specify it once like this “-k 1″ you’re telling Unix “sort” to sort the file from column 1 and until the end of the line which is not what we want. If you want to sort column 1 and 2 together you’d use “-k 1,2″. To tell sort to sort multiple columns we have to define the key argument “-k” multiple times. The sort arguments required to sort our file in column order 1, 2, 4 and 3 will therefore look like this:
sort -t $'\t' -k 1,1 -k 2,2 -k 4,4 -k 3,3 <my-file>
We however want the 4th column sorted in reverse order which we can instruct sort to do by changing the argument from “-k 4,4″ to “-k 4r,4″. The “r” option reverses the sort order that column only. There’s only one problem left to solve and that is that sort by default will interpret numbers as text and will sort e.g. the number 10 ahead of 2. We solve this by adding the “n” option to tell “sort” to sort a column using its numerical values e.g. “-k 1n,1″. Note that the “n” option is only attached to the first number to the left of the comma. Since the 4th column is sorted in both reversed order and using numerical values we can combine the options like this “-k 4rn,4″
So by adding all of these options together with end up with:
sort -t $'\t' -k 1n,1 -k 2n,2 -k 4rn,4 -k 3,3 <my-file>
I hope someone will find this useful. I tested this solution on both Linux and OS X. The documentation for the Unix sort command can be found using your man command “man sort” and “info sort”.
